IMF research similarly shows that even low tariffs act as a drag on productivity, innovation and unemployment, as well as aggravating inequality and promoting self-defeating real exchange rate appreciation. By insulating domestic industries from competition, tariffs discourage firms from investing in new technologies and improving operational effic

and iron ore projects. Much of the country’s mineral exports to China probably originate from these Chinese mining investments. Similarly, other foreign mining investors likely export ores to their home countries or third-party nations for processing. ineral beneficiation – or processing raw materials domestically – is essential to achieve ex

An agreement with the IMF, and the inflow of fresh funds to strengthen the reserves position, would allow interest rates to be reduced without generating capital flight, and exchange rate stability could be maintained even without the carry trade. Seen from this perspective, a policy of temporarily high interest rates to buy time, keep the dollar s

This paper [1],[2] explores whether Argentina’s stabilisation plan is the prelude to an economic take-off, or a mirage destined to fail like previous stabilisation plans. It further highlights the crucial role of an agreement with the IMF, key to transforming the current scheme into an orderly transition to a sustainable model. For optimists, the

Strategic Position. By becoming a key link between East and West, Iraq could enhance its geopolitical significance and attract further foreign investments in non-hydrocarbon sectors, however the participation of China and Iran will attract America’s attention and not in a positive way. Will U.S. attempt to block Iranian participation? If so, ther